All posts by Stephen Moreton

Volunteering in acute trusts in England – understanding the scale and impact

Attend’s reflection on the King’s Fund report

The King’s Fund published a new report today, entitled ‘Volunteering in acute trusts in England – understanding the scale and impact’. This was undertaken when they realised from earlier work that there is a significant lack of data on a local level on volunteering in NHS acute trusts.

We have been highlighting this lack of data and robust research for some time, and welcome the research as an initial attempt to understand the scale, scope and value of volunteers in NHS acute trusts in England.

There are a few areas however that we feel the report doesn’t consider, and wanted to take the opportunity to highlight these areas with a view to future research and truly understanding the bigger picture of volunteering in NHS acute trusts.

A key finding in the report is that out of the 3 million people volunteering for health, disability and welfare organisations in England, approximately 78,000 people volunteer in acute trusts. However, as the report openly admits, this statistic fails to capture data about volunteers supporting the work of external groups who operate in acute trusts. It highlights that the limited data could be due to the respondents being unaware of how many volunteers are recruited by external organisations. If this is the case, it presents quite a sobering picture of acute trusts having little knowledge of who in the local community is ‘reaching in’ towards them.

From our own knowledge as a member body for independent volunteering organisations in health and social care, we know that there are many such organisations that offer their services to acute trusts. Attend’s data highlights that Friends Groups alone have an average of 46 members and 343 supporters, often with 3 or 4 Friends Groups linked to separate units in each acute trust. So we would suggest that when considering volunteering in NHS acute trusts we need to recognise and gather evidence on this sector of volunteering as well as those working within the trusts internal structure.

In particular, we would like research to explore how this group of volunteers and supporters represents evidence of significant reach into the local community. The volunteering endeavours of these groups create positively fertile ground for acute trusts to develop their community engagement strategies.

The report also cites an £11 return on every £1 invested in volunteering, However that is for volunteer-involving organisations with paid staff infrastructure. It is worth noting that 85% of charities in the UK are ‘volunteer led and run’ organisations, with a much higher return on investment.

The report also talks about ‘service delivery’ volunteering, which reflects the artificial division made by acute trusts between service-delivery and fundraising. Therefore the report fails to capture and celebrate the volunteering contribution to fundraising. Last year, Attend’s member groups raised £56.8 million through their voluntary fundraising activities.

So although we wholeheartedly welcome research that starts to quantify and explore volunteering in acute trusts we would suggest that this report is missing out the contribution of a large section of the volunteers and is actually about volunteering FOR acute trusts, not volunteering IN acute trusts. By not capturing sufficient data to compare the contribution of ‘independent external volunteering’ and ‘trust organised volunteering’, we are yet to fully understand how volunteering is enabling acute trusts to engage with their wider community, and also what value for money the volunteers across England really offer.

For a Chief Executive of an acute trust, this would be key information to establish how best to invest, what is essentially a limited budget, into volunteering.

Should they stay or should they go?

Roy Lilley (via his nhsManmagers.net circular), has suggested (nay demanded), that the whole hospital Board of Colchester should be sacked “The whole lot, lock-stock and barrel, shown the door.”

He supports his stance with the following paragraph:
“Whatever their excuse, no matter how grovelling their apology, however cunning their justification, no matter how reasonable their reasoning, no matter how defiant their defence, no matter how spirited their resistance, their promises, their hand wringing. However limpet-like they cling on to their jobs, salaries, pensions and careers. We do not want you in the NHS.”

I noticed my mind was reeling from what was an unexpected onslaught at that point in my day, and took a moment’s reflection. I was aware of a few concepts floating around my head. For example:
– The commitment and dedication of members of this Board to the good of their community over the years.
– How systems, together with attitudes to the pressures of work and associated tensions can have the affect of creating a toxic culture, and how these can go un-noticed in the business of everything.
But most importantly, I was aware that axing the Board with no investigation, no right of representation and no appeal, would have an inevitable impact on both the organisation’s culture and that of the wider NHS.

After a brief respite, my eyes found themselves being drawn back to the text, where they read the following direct message to named individuals:

“Dr Gordon Coutts, Sue Barnett, Mike Baker, Katy French, Sean MacDonnell, Sarah Shirtcliff, Sally Irvine, Helen Parr, John Ashworth, Jude Chin, Tom Fleetwood, Christine Temple, Peter Wilson… the Board… ask yourself this; if M&S had poisoned customers with their food, Virgin killed passengers with their trains or planes, Ford had sold cars with brakes they knew didn’t stop the car… what would you expect the Board to do?”

“You may have been unlucky, you may have been caught out, let down, lied to… we don’t care. You are tainted and totemic of the bullying culture the NHS has to leave behind. You are emblematic of casual leadership, the complacency, the smugness, the self-satisfied, arrogant management that thinks it will be OK to apologise, ‘learn the lessons’ and move on. No. You have dealt a fatal blow to the credibility of the NHS. You have presided over cheating, lying, forgery and goodness knows what else. However well intended; this is on your watch. Just go.

In your hospital, on your watch a bullying culture has led to questions that ordinary people are asking, to which the only answer is, we don’t know how it happened but we will find out and be assured; we will never let any of these people near a hospital Board again.

Do the decent thing, resign, quit; go now.”

Another brief pause and a reflection of how I felt after reading this…
Honestly?…I felt more than a tad bullied. Bullied by being forced to reach the conclusions that each of the named individuals are to blame and the recommendation for the Board to jump or be pushed, without an investigation or reliable findings to help me get there. I had to acknowledge that I also felt somewhere between irritated and angry, that a widely circulated blog post might unduly influence a critical situation, where the responses and decisions made will impact on the culture and mission of the NHS.

The recommendation to either jump or be pushed, based on no investigation, no right of representation and no appeal, breaches the principles of natural justice and is more than likely to perpetuate a bullying culture. A fascinating and yet worrying irony.

In his honourable endeavour to protect the community, Roy Lilley’s approach may well unwittingly damage the community. His approach essentially moves him from the role of ‘rescuer’ to the role of the ‘persecutor’ (see the Drama Triangle Stephen Karpman).

So what is the potential impact of ‘jump or be pushed’?
– Less opportunity for insightful learning
– Valuable tacit knowledge leaves the organisation
– A climate that encourages mass Board resignation/sackings whenever an NHS Trust has a crisis, regardless of the extent Board members are linked to, or have a remit for, the issues that may have led to said crisis
– Quality people less willing to offer their time, talents and professional reputation to serve on NHS Boards.

So on reflection, I would wish the Board and the key decision-makers around this situation all the best in staying focused on creating a better future for the NHS, and resisting the easy paths that will inevitably compound “the bullying culture (that) the NHS has to leave behind”.
There’s a time for an unyielding determination of both professional and lay communities to roll up their sleeves to help the NHS move closer to its calling, and one can’t help feeling that time is upon us where these communities need to commit together to celebrate the principles heralded in the NHS constitution:

“The NHS belongs to the people.
It is there to improve our health and wellbeing, supporting us to keep mentally and physically well, to get better when we are ill and, when we cannot fully recover, to stay as well as we can to the end of our lives. It works at the limits of science – bringing the highest levels of human knowledge and skill to save lives and improve health.
It touches our lives at times of basic human need, when care and compassion are what matter most.”

Performance management…?

Wandering through the chapters of Armstrong’s Handbook of Reward Management Practice, the reader finds themselves presented with the phrase “The true role of performance management is to look forward to what needs to be done…”

So why do most appraisals start with considering the extent people have met their objectives? …and, if performance is linked to contingent pay, this also tends to emphasise the focus on past performance and achievements.

It would be easy for an appraisal discussion to go along the lines of:
Manager: “OK, you’ve done quite well in some areas, but not so good in others.”
Employee: “So will that affect my bonus?
Manager: “A bit, but if you can work on some things over the next few months, you can nudge this up.”
Employee: “Cheers.”

So back to the ‘”true role” of performance management, we could consider adopting a ‘coaching’ framework for an appraisal discussion (which encourages a forward looking conversation). Typical questions applied in an appraisal context are:
– What do you want your job to look like/feel like in 6 month’ time?
– What do you want others to be saying about your contribution?
– On a scale of 1-10, how would you rate your current position against this?
– What makes it this score?
– What might you or the organisation do to make it the current score plus 1 or plus 2?
– To help you in this journey:
a) What resources have you or the organisation got?
b) Who do you or the organisation know who could help?
c) How does the organisation culture or ways of working support this?

One other reflection, is that appraisal discussions invariably involve an element of change. John Kotter referred to leadership as ‘inspiring people through change’. So the role of the line manager is to inspire the employee through this change – a leadership task rather than a management one.
…So why do we call the whole process performance management, rather than performance leadership?

…and one more other reflection. Sometimes an organisation will ‘performance manage’ people out, which gives the term ‘performance management’ a sinister overtone. Is it possible to ‘performance lead’ people out?

Charities should not be forced to use formal appraisal procedures for trustees – ACEVO report finds

A report coordiated by ACEVO has been profiled this week, advising on good practice for realising the potential of governance.

Third sector on-line promoted this with the headline: “Charities should introduce formal appraisal procedures for trustees, Acevo report urges”.

However, this headine is more that a tad misleading, as the report does not urge charities to use formal appraisal procedures for Trustees.

Conversely the report makes is quite clear that Board Appraisal should be undertaken in a way that aligns with the culture and resources of an individual charity.

Two forms of Trustee appraisal are put forward:

1. Individual trustee appraisals. These range from formal reviews informed by written self-assessment, or less formal procedures involving scheduled conversations. These are frequently led by the chair.

2. Whole-board appraisals. This option was considered by many respondents to be a less stressful prospect for trustees. A whole-board appraisal would often be facilitated by an independent external source such as a consultant. Alternatively, two organisations might consider a board-to-board, peer-led approach, in which two boards mutually review and appraise each other’s governance standards.

Whichever methodology is used, the report highlights that the effectiveness of board appraisals depends greatly on organisational culture and behaviour – an organisational culture that encourages trustees to take accountability seriously, and reflect on their responsibilities and performance on an ongoing basis.

However, for the smaller more informal charities (84% of charities are purely volunteer led and run – with no paid staff), the whole-board appraisal could be argued as a more appropriate way forward.

A dour celebration of volunteering

A Third Sector article highlighted today that there has been an increase in volunteering this year of 7% amongst adults in Britain.
You would have thought we would have had a positive upbeat message for the actual article, but you can detect the aptly dour British spirit seeping through the paragraphs.

…and this stems from the interviews with charities (via NAVCA), where the findings found that 46 per cent of the organisations experienced no change in the public’s attitude towards volunteering and community engagement over the previous year.

The muffled strains of muted celebrations were captured with the quote: “However, while the trend for volunteering is travelling in the right direction, the type of volunteering is still predominantly focused on neighbourly goodwill gestures, even though charities are in greater need of more formal help.”

How can anyone put a negative spin on the 7% increase in volunteering this year being predominently focused on neighbourly goodwill gestures?

This increase might mean an extra 3 million people are taking the lead in their communities to help people out. If charities are unable to tap into this upsurge in community spirit, then they need to have a serious look to check how their volunteering strategy is failing to engage the spirit within the community.

An increase of hundreds of thousands of people helping their neighbours can only be good news! (for goodness sake!)

In 1948, AGL lves eloquently expressed the founding purpose, and prevailing culture of the voluntary hospitals as:
“ The desire to do something practical in relief of their fellow men and do it themselves, the readiness to accept responsibility rather than petition the King or corporation – this was the soil in which was to grow the voluntary hospital movement.”

I’m sure AGL Ives would be encouraged to hear that 65 years later, people up and down the land are ready to accept responsibility to help their neighbour, rather than petition the government to do it for them…(or petition the government to fund charities to do it for them).